It won't be as impressive after I explain it, lol, but the major things I had to go on is that 24/7 claimed they used a gaussian distribution formula and that they ordered the recruits such that a school's top recruit was weighted 100% with each ensuing next top recruit getting weighted less. And it also greatly helped that I knew the answer to what the contribution of each athlete needed to be thanks to 24/7's class calculator.
A Gaussian function has the following form:
f(x)=A*e^{-.5*[(x-B)/c]^2}
Based on the fact that we know the top recruit for a given school is weighted 100%, that means the decay part of the function goes to e^0. So A is fairly easy to figure out since you know the contribution and rating of your top recruit. And when looking at a few schools to figure out how they got A from the recruit's rating, it became very apparent that A was just that recruit's rating minus 0.7 and multiplied by 100.
Similarly, knowing that there is an e^0 term for the first recruit, you know x-B equals 0 when x is 1, so B is equal to 1. That means A and B are solved for and all that's left is solving for C.
Since you have 11 recruits and know what their contributions are, you just have a system of equations and it's straightforward to finding c is about equal to 3.0. And after looking at an additional team with more recruits, this held true.
So as I said, not so impressive if you know what a Gaussian function looks like based on the info they provided. I personally did expect it to be more complicated as was being suggested, but the basic equation just worked, so no additional investigation was necessary.